Mosquitoes are a remarkable group of epidemiological interest, for their large numbers and the number of diseases they transmit to humans and animals. There are studies in which climate change can affect mosquito populations, mediated by changes in temperature, rainfall, relative humidity and water level changes etc., and it has been suggested that climate change may affect their disease transmission to vertebrates. Changes in populations of Culicidae could be responsible for the emergence and re-emergence of diseases such as encephalitis, West Nile virus and dengue, considered today to be emerging vector-borne diseases in the world. This has become evident in Chile by the introduction of dengue in Easter Island due to travel in the Pacific islands, an expression of globalization. The effect of climate change on animal populations including vectors and reservoirs of zoonotic potential is now a latent issue that requires a great deal of interdisciplinary research.
